“Was it something I ate?” This dreaded question often arises when we’re curled up with stomach pain and making repeated trips to the bathroom. Food poisoning, or foodborne illness, is more common than you might think—affecting 48 million people in the U.S. each year. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and prevention can help keep you and your loved ones safe during holidays and beyond.

What Is Food Poisoning?

Food poisoning occurs when foods or beverages are contaminated with harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, fungi, or viruses. According to Crystal Fehr, RN, Ambulatory Nurse Supervisor with Lee Health Adult Gastroenterology, common symptoms include:

• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever
• Headache

These symptoms can show up anywhere from a few hours to several days after consuming the contaminated item, making it difficult to identify the source.

Common Causes of Foodborne Illness

Contamination often results from poor food handling. Frequent culprits include:

• Bacteria: Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria
• Viruses: Norovirus
• Parasites and toxins from contaminated sources

“The key factor is that these pathogens often originate from improper food handling or preparation,” Crystal says. “Even harmful chemicals and toxins can play a role.”

How to Prevent Food Poisoning

Practicing proper food hygiene and safety is essential. Crystal shares these important steps:

• Wash hands and surfaces before and after preparing food.
• Separate raw meats and eggs from produce and cooked foods to avoid cross-contamination.
• Cook to proper temperatures: Always use a food thermometer to ensure meat and seafood are thoroughly cooked.
• Refrigerate food promptly: Don’t let food sit out for more than two hours. Check your fridge for expired or moldy items.

Start Food Safety at the Grocery Store

“Food safety begins at the store,” Crystal says. Follow these shopping tips:

• Check expiration dates and avoid damaged packaging.
• Inspect eggs for cracks or dirt.
• Purchase frozen and refrigerated items last.
• Separate cold and hot items in your cart and during transport.

Are You at High Risk?

Each year, foodborne illness hospitalizes 128,000 people and claims 3,000 lives in the U.S. While anyone can be affected, those at higher risk include:

• Pregnant individuals
• People with chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems
• Young children and the elderly

“These individuals should take extra care and seek medical help quickly if symptoms appear,” Crystal advises.

What to Do If You Have Food Poisoning

If symptoms strike, hydration is your first line of defense. Drink plenty of fluids such as water, electrolyte drinks, or clear broths. Most cases resolve within 12 to 48 hours for healthy individuals. However, you should seek medical attention if:

• Symptoms last longer than two days
• You experience high fever or blood in your stool
• You’re in a high-risk category

“Treatment depends on the cause,” Crystal says. “Antibiotics may be needed for bacterial infections, while antiparasitic medications may be used for others.”

Stay Safe with Lee Health Gastroenterology

The expert team at Lee Health Adult Gastroenterology is dedicated to diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal issues, including foodborne illnesses. Whether you’re looking for preventive guidance or advanced care, we’re here to support your digestive health and overall wellness.

Final Tip: “Simple steps can make a big difference in preventing food poisoning,” Crystal says. “Stay informed, practice good food safety habits, and enjoy your meals without worry.”