Introduction

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) like IQOS have surged in popularity as supposed “safer” alternatives to traditional smoking. Marketed as reduced-risk, these devices heat—not burn—tobacco to release a nicotine-containing vapor. But are heated tobacco products safe? Recent studies suggest that the risks might be more significant than the industry claims.

1. Exposure to Harmful Chemicals

Although heated tobacco doesn’t produce smoke, it still emits a cocktail of harmful substances. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), users are exposed to many of the same toxicants found in conventional cigarettes—including formaldehyde, acrolein, and carbonyl compounds.

2. Respiratory Issues

Inhalation of heated tobacco aerosol can cause inflammation and reduced lung function. Preliminary studies indicate that users may face increased risk of bronchitis and other pulmonary complications, especially with long-term use.

3. Cardiovascular Health Risks

Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, affects the cardiovascular system regardless of the delivery method. Heated tobacco still raises heart rate and blood pressure, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke over time.

4. Cancer-Causing Potential

While HTPs emit fewer carcinogens than cigarettes, “fewer” doesn’t mean “safe.” Some of the remaining chemicals, like acetaldehyde and benzene, are classified as carcinogens and may still elevate cancer risk with prolonged exposure.

5. Secondhand Exposure

Even if you’re not using the device yourself, you’re not necessarily in the clear. Studies show that the aerosol released into the air can pose risks to bystanders, including children and non-smokers.

6. Gateway to Nicotine Addiction

HTPs are often marketed toward young adults and smokers trying to quit. But instead of helping users kick the habit, they may simply introduce a new form of nicotine dependency—especially among youth who might otherwise avoid smoking altogether.

7. Lack of Long-Term Research

The biggest unknown? Time. Heated tobacco products are still relatively new, and their long-term effects remain under-studied. Without comprehensive longitudinal research, public health experts warn that we may be underestimating the full scope of the danger.

Conclusion

While heated tobacco products may reduce some of the harmful effects associated with smoking, they are far from risk-free. From respiratory complications to cardiovascular issues and potential cancer risks, these “safer” alternatives present new health threats worth serious consideration. If you’re looking to quit nicotine entirely, evidence-based cessation tools like counseling, nicotine patches, or prescription medication remain your best bet.

For more insights, check out our article on Why E-Cigarettes Aren’t Risk-Free Either.